In the latest edition of my online magazine, www.AustralianEsoteric.com (Issue #9), there is an article titled Emu Dreaming: Aboriginal Astronomical Measurements, by Ray and Cilla Norris. It is a brief excerpt from their booklet of the same name (see link below).
Here are a couple of paragraphs:

In South Australia, on the dreamy banks of the Murray River, north of Adelaide, the Nganguraku people engraved images of the Sun and Moon at a site called “Ngaut Ngaut.”  Next to these images are a series of dots and lines carved in the rock, which, say the original owners, show the “cycles of the Moon.”  But such knowledge is usually passed through generations from father to son, from elder to novice at initiation ceremonies.

The Wurdi Youang stone arrangement in Victoria is an impressive egg-shaped ring of stones, about 50 metres across, with its major axis almost East-West.  The ring is dominated by an eye-catching group of three waist-high stones at its highest point, the western apex.  The Wathaurung people built it long before European settlement, which destroyed their culture along with the knowledge of how it was used.  Attention was drawn to this site by John Morieson who pointed out that if you look between the two largest stones, small outlying stones mark the position on the horizon where the Sun sets on midwinter’s day, on midsummer’s say, and at the equinox.

What can we conclude from the evidence presented so far? Certainly the traditional Aboriginal people were interested in the sky, and used the stars for time-keeping and navigation.  They knew that eclipses happened when the paths of the Sun and Moon intersected, and they knew how the Moon was related to the tides.  They had a deep and extensive knowledge of the sky, and of the motion of the celestial bodies across it.  Perhaps they were even making accurate measurements of the rising and setting places of the Sun.

Credit for Image at Top of Page: The carvings at Ngaut Ngaut, said to represent lunar cycles. http://www.emudreaming.com/Examples/NgautNgaut.jpg

More details can be found in the published works of Ray & Cilla Norris.
Click HERE for their website: